Speed lumps are rounded, raised areas placed across the road with two wheel cut-outs designed to allow large vehicles, such as emergency vehicles and buses, to pass with minimal slowing. The design limits passenger cars and mid-size SUVs from fully passing through the cut-outs and requires travel over the lump. They are slightly less than four inches high, typically parabolic in shape, and have a design speed of 15 to 20 MPH. A series of speed lumps are often needed to retain slower speeds over a longer distance.

Raised crosswalks are speed tables striped with crosswalk markings and signage to channelize pedestrian crossings, providing pedestrians with a level street crossing. Also, by raising the level of the crossing, pedestrians are more visible to approaching motorists. Stamped concrete can give the appearance of brick or other textured materials, which would improve the appearance of speed tables, draw attention to them, and may enhance safety and speed reduction.

Speed humps are rounded raised areas placed across the road, but unlike speed lumps, they do not have cut-outs for large vehicles and bicycles. They are typically 3-3.5 inches high, typically parabolic in shape, and have a design speed of 15 to 20 MPH. A series of speed humps are often needed to retain slower speeds over a longer distance.

Speed humps are rounded raised areas placed across the road, but unlike speed lumps, they do not have cut-outs for large vehicles and bicycles. They are typically 3-3.5 inches high, typically parabolic in shape, and have a design speed of 15 to 20 MPH. A series of speed humps are often needed to retain slower speeds over a longer distance.

Traffic circles are raised islands, placed in intersections, around which traffic circulates. Stop signs or yield signs can be used as traffic controls at the approaches of the traffic circle. Circles prevent drivers from speeding through intersections by impeding the straight-through movement and forcing drivers to slow down to yield. Depending upon the size of the intersection and circle, trucks may be permitted to turn left in front of the circle, and the agency can use mountable curbs if turn radii are a concern for emergency vehicles and/or trucks.

Slow turn wedges use markings and flexible plastic posts to buffer pedestrians from traffic and shrink the area where they could get hit by a car.

Like traffic circles, roundabouts require traffic to circulate counterclockwise around a center island. But unlike circles, roundabouts are used on higher volume streets to allocate right-of-way among competing movements. They are found primarily on collector streets, often substituting for traffic signals. They are larger than neighborhood traffic circles, have raised splitter islands to channel approaching traffic to the right, and do not have stop signs. Due to large amount of required right-of-way and construction costs, roundabouts may be most appropriate for new developments or redevelopment areas.

Medians are raised islands placed in the middle of the roadway around which traffic circulates. Medians do not always have horizontal deflection. To meet this definition, a median must extend into the travel lane to eliminate the straight-line path and force drivers to slow down to navigate around the measure.

Bulb-outs and curb extensions extend the sidewalk or pedestrian space to narrow the roadway. Their effectiveness in calming traffic is limited by the absence of vertical or horizontal deflection, but they can still be beneficial. Bulbouts can make intersections more pedestrian friendly by shortening the crossing distance and decreasing the curb radii, thus reducing turning vehicle speeds. Both of these effects increase pedestrian comfort and safety at the intersection.

Trees placed along streets can potentially help reduce motor vehicle speeds and collisions, though studies show mixed results. Streets lined with trees or with landscaped center medians can affect driver perception of lane width, called an “edge effect”. Street trees require irrigation in arid climates

Chokers are curb extensions at midblock that narrow a street. Chokers leave the street cross section with two lanes that are narrower than the normal cross section. Their effectiveness in calming traffic is limited by the absence of vertical or horizontal deflection, but they can still be beneficial.

Medians are raised islands placed in the middle of the roadway around which traffic circulates. Medians without horizontal deflection do not extend into the travel lane, maintaining a straight-line path for drivers. While they are not as effective as medians with horizontal deflection, they can still be beneficial. They can act as pedestrian refuges, increasing pedestrian safety, and provide aesthetic benefits.

Forced-turn islands, or toucans, are raised islands that prohibit certain movements on approaches to an intersection.